|
|
Pays
|
1990
(1)
|
2008
(2)
|
2009
(2)
|
2011
(2)
|
|
 |
 |
Singapour |
3 |
|
2,31 |
2,32
|
|
 |
 |
Suède |
3 |
|
2,75 |
2,74
|
|
 |
 |
Japon |
5 |
|
2,79 |
2,78
|
|
 |
 |
Islande |
5 |
|
3,23 |
3,20
|
|
 |
 |
France |
7 |
|
3,33 |
3,29
|
|
 |
 |
Finlande |
6 |
|
3,47 |
3,43
|
|
 |
 |
Norvège |
7 |
|
3,58 |
3,52
|
|
 |
 |
Malte |
10 |
|
3,75 |
3,69
|
|
 |
 |
Andorre |
5 |
|
3,76 |
3,80
|
|
 |
 |
Tchéquie |
11 |
|
3,79 |
3,73
|
|
 |
 |
Allemagne |
7 |
|
3,99 |
3,54
|
|
 |
 |
Suisse |
7 |
|
4,18 |
4,08
|
|
 |
 |
Espagne |
7 |
4,26 |
4,21 |
3,89
|
|
 |
 |
Israël |
10 |
|
4,22 |
4,12
|
|
 |
 |
Liechtenstein |
9 |
4,52 |
4,25 |
4,15
|
|
 |
 |
Slovénie |
8 |
4,30 |
4,25 |
4,17
|
|
 |
 |
Corée du Sud |
8 |
5,94 |
4,26 |
4,16
|
|
 |
 |
Danemark |
7 |
4,40 |
4,34 |
4,24
|
|
 |
 |
Belgique |
8 |
|
4,40 |
4,33
|
|
 |
 |
Autriche |
8 |
4,48 |
4,42 |
4,32
|
|
 |
 |
Luxembourg |
8 |
4,62 |
4,56 |
4,44
|
|
 |
 |
Pays-Bas |
7 |
4,81 |
4,73 |
4,59
|
|
 |
 |
Australie |
8 |
4,51 |
4,75 |
4,61
|
|
 |
 |
Portugal |
11 |
4,85 |
4,78 |
4,66
|
|
 |
 |
Royaume-Uni |
8 |
4,93 |
4,85 |
4,62
|
|
 |
 |
Nouvelle Zélande |
9 |
4,99 |
4,92 |
4,78
|
|
 |
 |
Monaco |
7 |
5,18 |
5,00 |
1,79
|
|
 |
 |
Canada |
7 |
5,08 |
5,04 |
5,65
|
|
 |
 |
Irlande |
8 |
5,14 |
5,05 |
3,85
|
|
 |
 |
Grèce |
9 |
5,25 |
5,16 |
5,00
|
|
 |
 |
Saint Marin |
13 |
5,44 |
5,34 |
4,72
|
|
 |
 |
Taiwan |
- |
5,45 |
5,35 |
5,18
|
|
 |
 |
Italie |
8 |
5,61 |
5,51 |
3,38
|
|
 |
 |
Cuba |
11 |
5,93 |
5,82 |
4,90
|
|
 |
 |
Etats-Unis |
10 |
6,30 |
6,26 |
6,06
|
|
 |
 |
Croatie |
10 |
6,49 |
6,37 |
6,16
|
|
 |
 |
Belarus |
20 |
6,53 |
6,43 |
6,25
|
|
 |
 |
Lituanie |
10 |
6,57 |
6,47 |
6,27
|
|
 |
 |
Chypre |
11 |
6,75 |
6,60 |
9,38
|
|
 |
 |
Serbie |
- |
- |
6,75 |
6,52
|
|
 |
 |
Pologne |
16 |
6,93 |
6,80 |
6,54
|
|
 |
 |
Slovaquie |
12 |
6,98 |
6,84 |
6,59
|
|
 |
 |
Estonie |
12 |
7,45 |
7,32 |
7,06
|
|
 |
 |
Chili |
18 |
7,90 |
7,71 |
7,34
|
|
 |
 |
Hongrie |
15 |
8,03 |
7,86 |
5,31
|
|
 |
 |
Lettonie |
14 |
8,96 |
8,77 |
8,42
|
|
 |
 |
Costa Rica |
16 |
9,01 |
8,77 |
9,45
|
|
 |
 |
Koweït |
14 |
9,22 |
8,96 |
8,07
|
|
 |
 |
Ukraine |
22 |
9,23 |
8,98 |
8,54
|
|
 |
 |
Macédoine |
33 |
9,27 |
9,01 |
8,54
|
|
 |
 |
Bosnie |
18 |
9,34 |
9,10 |
8,67
|
|
 |
 |
Nauru |
- |
9,43 |
9,25 |
8,66
|
|
|
 |
 |
Russie |
23 |
10,81 |
10,56 |
10,08 |
|
 |
 |
Groenland |
- |
14,56 |
10,72 |
10,05
|
|
 |
 |
Uruguay |
20 |
11,66 |
11,32 |
9,69
|
|
 |
 |
Argentine |
25 |
13,87 |
11,44 |
10,81
|
|
 |
 |
Arabie Saoudite |
35 |
12,01 |
11,57 |
16,16
|
|
 |
 |
Tonga |
26 |
11,88 |
11,58 |
13,65
|
|
 |
 |
Fidji |
19 |
11,88 |
11,58 |
11,00
|
|
 |
 |
Maurice |
21 |
12,56 |
12,20 |
11,52
|
|
 |
 |
Brunei |
10 |
12,69 |
12,27 |
11,51
|
|
 |
 |
Barbade |
15 |
11,05 |
12,29 |
11,86
|
|
 |
 |
Seychelles |
17 |
14,36 |
12,30 |
11,66
|
|
 |
 |
Botswana |
45 |
44,01 |
12,59 |
11,14
|
|
 |
 |
Qatar |
21 |
16,88 |
12,66 |
12,05
|
|
 |
 |
Panama |
27 |
|
12,67 |
11,64
|
|
 |
|
Emirats Arabes Unis |
13 |
13,11 |
12,70 |
11,94
|
|
 |
 |
Moldavie |
30 |
13,50 |
13,13 |
12,43
|
|
 |
 |
Palau |
18 |
13,69 |
13,14 |
12,43
|
|
 |
 |
Grenade |
30 |
13,58 |
13,23 |
11,43
|
|
 |
 |
Sainte Lucie |
17 |
12,46 |
13,43 |
12,72
|
|
 |
 |
Dominique |
15 |
|
13,65 |
12,78
|
|
 |
 |
Jordanie |
33 |
15,57 |
14,97 |
16,42
|
|
 |
 |
Saint Vincent |
20 |
13,62 |
15,14 |
14,27
|
|
 |
 |
Jamaïque |
28 |
15,57 |
15,22 |
14,60
|
|
 |
 |
Bahreïn |
15 |
15,64 |
15,25 |
10,43
|
|
 |
 |
Malaisie |
16 |
16,39 |
15,87 |
15,02
|
|
 |
 |
Géorgie |
39 |
16,78 |
16,22 |
15,17
|
|
 |
 |
Antigua |
- |
17,67 |
16,25 |
14,63
|
|
 |
 |
Oman |
25 |
17,45 |
16,88 |
15,47
|
|
 |
 |
Cook |
- |
- |
16,90 |
15,81
|
|
 |
 |
Thaïlande |
26 |
18,23 |
17,63 |
16,39
|
|
 |
 |
Bulgarie |
14 |
18,51 |
17,87 |
16,68
|
|
 |
 |
Mexique |
42 |
|
18,42 |
17,29
|
|
 |
 |
Sri Lanka |
26 |
19,01 |
18,57 |
9,70
|
|
 |
 |
Albanie |
37 |
19,31 |
18,62 |
14,61
|
|
 |
 |
Suriname |
35 |
19,45 |
18,81 |
17,61
|
|
 |
 |
Colombie |
26 |
19,51 |
18,90 |
16,39
|
|
 |
 |
Salomon |
- |
19,67 |
19,03 |
17,82
|
|
|
 |
|
Arménie |
47 |
20,94 |
20,21 |
18,85
|
|
 |
 |
Chine |
36 |
21,16 |
20,25 |
16,06
|
|
 |
 |
Philippines |
41 |
21,45 |
20,56 |
19,34
|
|
 |
 |
Equateur |
43 |
21,35 |
20,90 |
19,65
|
|
 |
 |
Libye |
35 |
21,94 |
21,05 |
20,09
|
|
 |
 |
Salvador |
47 |
22,19 |
21,52 |
20,30
|
|
 |
 |
Venezuela |
27 |
|
21,54 |
20,62
|
|
 |
 |
Tunisie |
41 |
|
22,57 |
25,92
|
|
 |
 |
Brésil |
48 |
|
22,58 |
21,17
|
|
 |
 |
Liban |
32 |
22,59 |
21,82 |
15,85
|
|
 |
 |
Roumanie |
23 |
23,73 |
22,90 |
11,02
|
|
|
Pays
|
1990
(1)
|
2008
(2)
|
2009
(2)
|
2011
(2)
|
|
 |
 |
Ouzbékistan |
61 |
67,78 |
23,43 |
21,92
|
|
 |
 |
Vietnam |
38 |
23,61 |
22,88 |
20,90
|
|
 |
 |
Belize |
35 |
23,65 |
23,07 |
21,95
|
|
 |
 |
Bahamas |
22 |
23,67 |
23,17 |
13,49
|
|
 |
 |
Honduras |
45 |
24,61 |
24,03 |
20,44
|
|
 |
 |
Samoa |
40 |
25,04 |
24,22 |
22,74
|
|
 |
 |
Paraguay |
33 |
25,55 |
24,68 |
23,02
|
|
 |
 |
Nicaragua |
52 |
25,91 |
25,02 |
22,64
|
|
 |
 |
Marshall |
63 |
26,36 |
25,45 |
23,74
|
|
 |
 |
Kazakhstan |
51 |
26,56 |
25,73 |
24,15
|
|
 |
 |
Turquie |
67 |
36,98 |
25,78 |
23,94
|
|
 |
 |
Syrie |
31 |
26,78 |
25,87 |
15,62
|
|
 |
 |
République Dominicaine |
50 |
26,93 |
25,96 |
22,22
|
|
 |
 |
Micronésie |
45 |
27,03 |
26,10 |
24,34
|
|
 |
 |
Egypte |
67 |
28,36 |
27,26 |
25,20
|
|
 |
 |
Algérie |
54 |
|
27,73 |
25,81
|
|
 |
 |
Guatemala |
60 |
28,79 |
27,84 |
26,02
|
|
 |
 |
Pérou |
58 |
29,53 |
28,62 |
22,18
|
|
 |
 |
Maldives |
78 |
51,62 |
29,53 |
27,45
|
|
 |
 |
Guyana |
64 |
30,43 |
29,65 |
36,76
|
|
 |
 |
Trinidad |
30 |
23,59 |
29,93 |
27,69
|
|
 |
 |
Indonésie |
60 |
31,04 |
29,97 |
27,95
|
|
|
 |
 |
Inde |
82 |
|
30,15 |
47,57
|
|
 |
 |
Kirghizstan |
63 |
32,30 |
31,26 |
29,27
|
|
 |
 |
Zimbabwe |
52 |
50,58 |
32,31 |
29,50
|
|
 |
 |
Iran |
54 |
36,93 |
35,78 |
42,26
|
|
 |
 |
Maroc |
69 |
|
29,75 |
27,53
|
|
 |
 |
Sao Tomé |
65 |
38,36 |
37,12 |
53,21
|
|
 |
 |
Mongolie |
79 |
41,24 |
39,88 |
37,26
|
|
|
 |
 |
Timor |
133 |
41,98 |
40,65 |
38,01
|
|
 |
 |
Tadjikistan |
91 |
42,31 |
41,03 |
38,54
|
|
 |
 |
Cap Vert |
45 |
42,55 |
41,35 |
26,94
|
|
 |
 |
Erythrée |
88 |
44,22 |
43,33 |
41,33
|
|
 |
 |
Kiribati |
65 |
44,69 |
43,48 |
38,89
|
|
 |
 |
Irak |
42 |
45,43 |
43,82 |
41,68
|
|
 |
 |
Afrique du Sud |
45 |
58,26 |
44,42 |
43,20
|
|
 |
 |
Bolivie |
89 |
49,09 |
44,66 |
42,16
|
|
 |
 |
Turkménistan |
81 |
51,81 |
45,36 |
42,34
|
|
 |
 |
Papouasie |
69 |
46,67 |
45,23 |
43,29
|
|
 |
 |
Namibie |
60 |
45,64 |
45,51 |
45,59
|
|
 |
|
Népal |
99 |
62,00 |
47,46 |
44,54
|
|
 |
 |
Birmanie |
91 |
49,12 |
47,61 |
49,23
|
|
 |
 |
Bhoutan |
107 |
51,92 |
49,36 |
44,48
|
|
 |
 |
Vanuatu |
48 |
50,77 |
49,45 |
46,85
|
|
|
 |
 |
Corée du Nord |
129 |
21,86 |
51,34 |
27,11
|
|
 |
 |
Ghana |
76 |
52,31 |
51,09 |
48,55
|
|
 |
 |
Gabon |
60 |
52,65 |
51,78 |
49,95
|
|
 |
 |
Azerbaïdjan |
84 |
56,43 |
54,60 |
51,08
|
|
 |
 |
Yémen |
98 |
56,27 |
54,70 |
55,11
|
|
 |
 |
Cambodge |
85 |
56,59 |
54,79 |
55,49
|
|
 |
 |
Togo |
88 |
57,66 |
56,24 |
51,58
|
|
 |
 |
Kenya |
64 |
56,01 |
57,86 |
52,29
|
|
 |
 |
Sénégal |
72 |
58,93 |
58,94 |
56,42
|
|
 |
 |
Bangladesh |
100 |
54,45 |
59,02 |
50,73
|
|
 |
 |
Burundi |
114 |
60,77 |
59,64 |
61,82
|
|
 |
 |
Haïti |
105 |
62,33 |
59,69 |
54,02
|
|
|
 |
 |
Madagascar |
103 |
55,59 |
62,89 |
51,45
|
|
 |
 |
Cameroun |
85 |
64,57 |
63,34 |
60,91
|
|
 |
 |
Mauritanie |
85 |
66,65 |
63,42 |
60,42
|
|
 |
 |
Bénin |
111 |
76,79 |
64,64 |
61,56
|
|
 |
 |
Ouganda |
93 |
65,99 |
64,82 |
62,47
|
|
 |
 |
Pakistan |
100 |
66,95 |
65,14 |
63,66
|
|
 |
 |
Guinée |
139 |
87,17 |
65,22 |
61,03
|
|
 |
 |
Cote d'Ivoire |
105 |
|
66,06 |
64,78
|
|
 |
 |
Comores |
88 |
68,58 |
66,57 |
62,63
|
|
 |
 |
Gambie |
103 |
68,72 |
67,33 |
71,67
|
|
 |
 |
Swaziland |
78 |
69,59 |
68,63 |
63,09
|
|
 |
 |
Tanzanie |
102 |
70,46 |
69,28 |
66,93
|
|
|
 |
 |
Lesotho |
81 |
78,59 |
77,40 |
55,04
|
|
 |
 |
Laos |
120 |
79,61 |
77,82 |
59,46
|
|
 |
 |
Congo Brazzaville |
67 |
81,29 |
79,78 |
76,05
|
|
|
 |
 |
Centrafrique |
114 |
82,36 |
80,62 |
99,32
|
|
 |
 |
Ethiopie |
122 |
90,24 |
80,80 |
77,12
|
|
 |
 |
Congo Kinshasa |
129 |
83,11 |
81,21 |
78,43
|
|
 |
 |
Guinée équatoriale |
103 |
83,75 |
81,58 |
77,30
|
|
 |
 |
Rwanda |
106 |
83,42 |
81,61 |
64,04
|
|
 |
 |
Soudan |
74 |
91,78 |
82,43 |
68,07
|
|
 |
 |
Burkina-Faso |
123 |
86,02 |
84,49 |
81,40
|
|
 |
 |
Malawi |
131 |
90,55 |
89,05 |
81,04
|
|
|
 |
 |
Nigeria |
120 |
93,93 |
94,35 |
91,54
|
|
 |
 |
Djibouti |
116 |
99,13 |
97,51 |
51,94
|
|
 |
 |
Tchad |
120 |
100,36 |
98,69 |
95,31
|
|
 |
 |
Guinée-Bissau |
142 |
101,64 |
99,82 |
96,23
|
|
|
 |
 |
Zambie |
101 |
100,96 |
101,20 |
66,60
|
|
 |
 |
Mali |
140 |
103,83 |
102,05 |
111,35
|
|
 |
 |
Mozambique |
158 |
107,84 |
105,80 |
78,95
|
|
 |
 |
Somalie |
121 |
|
109,19 |
105,56
|
|
|
 |
 |
Niger |
191 |
|
116,66 |
112,22
|
|
|
 |
 |
Liberia |
157 |
|
138,24 |
74,52
|
|
|
 |
 |
Afghanistan |
168 |
|
151,95 |
149,20
|
|
 |
 |
Sierra Leone |
169 |
|
154,43 |
78,38
|
|
|
 |
 |
Angola |
154 |
|
180,21 |
175,90
|
|
(1)
Source UNICEF
(2) Source C.I.A. |
|
|
|
|
|